EPA Water Infrastructure Security Enhancements (WISE) Cooperative Agreement Update Under a Cooperative Agreement with the EPA, ASCE-EWRI, AWWA and WEF are collaboratively developing guidance documents for integrating security enhancements (to reduce risk to malevolent events), into the design, construction, rehabilitation, installation, and operation & maintenance (O&M) of water infrastructure projects. The organizations have a history of working together and independently to create manuals of practice and/or standards documents in the areas of water supply, wastewater and storm water. Currently, no inherent security design guidelines are included in any of the existing documents; and this joint effort, which began in the fall of 2003, is part of a long-term response to addressing security issues concerning water infrastructure. AWWA is leading the effort to develop a security guidance document for water supply infrastructure. Their efforts will lead to guidance documents addressing the major components of the drinking water infrastructure, but will not, during their initial efforts, provide security guidance for protecting dams or other containment structures, large raw water systems, or ground water aquifers. WEF’s efforts are focused on developing a security guidance document for wastewater and storm water and combined systems of all sizes. When appropriate, guidance and recommendations for wastewater and storm water conveyance and treatment systems will be consistent with the requirements for drinking water systems. Examples of design considerations to be addressed include system redundancy and back- up, location and hardening of mission-critical assets, and design of hazardous materials storage/handling systems. O&M guidance will also cover a wide range of issues from employee screening and training; working with the public; coordination and outreach with local emergency response personnel; use of sensing and detection equipment, etc. Some of these measures, though considered in the context of security and emergency response requirements, will also have a positive impact on facility performance. For example, use of advanced sensing technology may allow for more effective process control as well as an enhanced capability for the early detection and identification of toxic substances. The work of the methodology and characteristics team, led by ASCE, supports the work of the AWWA and WEF teams. This portion of the project will result in guidance documents for water supply and wastewater utilities, for the design and implementation of an online contaminant monitoring system that would facilitate the mitigation of public health risks arising from purposeful or accidental contamination by chemical, biological and radiological contaminants. Designing and implementing security enhancements for the nation’s water and wastewater systems will be based upon general principles and methodologies but needs also to take into account the specific characteristics of the utilities. Methodology & Characteristics: ASCE expects that the resulting guidance documents will Identify key elements of methodology for design of online contaminant monitoring system EPA Water Infrastructure Security Enhancements (WISE) Cooperative Agreement Update Provide a checklist and discussion of issues to be addressed and decisions to be made by water utilities in establishing online contaminant monitoring systems. Provide advice and guidance on how utilities should resolve the issues and make the decisions needed Be pertinent to water supply and wastewater systems Be pertinent to small, medium and large systems Specifically, the document will provide guidance to the engineering and design community on ways to address the following topics and questions: Contaminants and Concentrations: The document will address the following questions: a. How should the EPA master list of contaminants be used in the design of a monitoring system? b. How should the designer determine the minimum concentrations of contaminants that must be detected? c. What are the advantages in being able to identify the specific contaminant and what tradeoffs are appropriate to determining whether identification is a worthwhile objective? Candidate Instruments and Observables: The ASCE document will address how instruments and sensors should be chosen and the tradeoffs involved. It will consider both commercially available instruments and those in an experimental stage, and will consider the relationship between choice of instruments and: coverage; location within the system; requirements for maintenance and upkeep; costs; and other factors deemed important Models of Flow, Chemistry and other Key Parameters: This section of the document will identify and describe briefly the current important water system models that could be used in correlating data from instruments at various locations within a system. This will likely include: a) models of water flow that can be used to predict the flow of a contaminant slug through the water system; b) models of water chemistry that can be used to predict changes in concentrations of various contaminants that interact with ambient water as they flow through the system; and c) other models as appropriate to correlating measurements among different instruments. Instruments Sites: The factors involved in choosing sites for instruments or instrument platforms, and an examination of options and tradeoffs will be addressed. A basis for selecting the appropriate number and selecting a site of instruments throughout the system will also be addressed. Data Analysis Requirements: The document will address the following questions associated with the design of a data analysis plan for a monitoring system. How should the data output provided by instruments should be collected, formatted and communicated? Should data analysis be centralized or decentralized? How should the data be correlated with flow and chemistry models? How should the alarm triggers be determined? In what form should the data be presented to the utility decision makers? Communications System Requirements: The guidance document will address the design methodology for a communication system to: collect and transport the monitoring system data control and monitor the performance of elements of the contaminant monitoring system provide decision makers with necessary information and provide them with channels to implement responsive actions Responses: Responses to contamination events that a water utility might undertake when notified of a contamination event will also be addressed. The document will include at a minimum various advisories to the public, actions to eliminate or counteract the contaminant in the system and actions to remediate the problem and reestablish viable service. The report should provide guidance keyed as far as possible to classes, types or families of contaminants. Interfacing with Existing Surveillance Systems: The guidance document will address interfacing a contaminant monitoring system with existing water quality assurance systems that take samples and provide laboratory analysis. Operations, Maintenance and Upgrading: The final section will address factors related to the operational aspects of a contaminant monitoring system including maintenance, housekeeping, performance monitoring, human factors, budgetary factors, and plans for upgrading as new technology or other capabilities become available. [Table of Contents]